This is the branch of mathematics from which functional programming is derived and is also the origin for String Diagrams.
Rust pulls several of its typing concepts from languages like Haskell and has a very functional flavor to it.
The twitter thread in string diagrams links to a book called "Seven Sketches of Applied Category Theory" pdf 
Category Theory enthusiasts seem convinced that is provides a framework that will help solve world problems. I don't grok it well enough to see why they feel that way. Perhaps this book will help?
This is a course based on Fong and Spivak's book Seven Sketches in Compositionality: An Invitation to Applied Category Theory, taught by John Baez and turned into nice webpages by Simon Burton. site
For some time now I’ve been floating the idea of writing a book about category theory that would be targeted at programmers. Mind you, not computer scientists but programmers. site